1. What cover letters actually do
Depending on the company, letters may be read after ATS filtering or only on a short-list.
They do not replace a weak resume, but can differentiate similar profiles.
2. When they add value
They are useful for career pivots, specific motivation, or fit signals not obvious in the resume.
- Career transition context.
- Mobility or availability constraints.
- Strong tie to company priorities.
3. Short format that works
Keep it 200 to 250 words, 3 paragraphs, and a clear interview call-to-action.